Q.Consumption of chemical fertilizers is highest in which the State of India?
Answer: Punjab
Q.The quality of resources which can be improved through investment in education and training is the.
Answer: Human capital
Q.Why is there heavy competition for work among the farm laborers in village Palampur?
Answer: There is very heavy competition among farm laborers in Palampur because there are many big farmers in Palampur. They hire farm laborers only during some busy seasons like the harvesting season. Apart from this season, the farm laborers have no work for the whole year. That's why there is very heavy competition among farm laborers.
Q.To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is called.
Answer: Multiple cropping.
Q.The use of higher yields with the combination of HYV (High Yielding Varieties) seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. refers to.
Answer: Modern farming.
Q.What are the factors of production. Explain all the factors of production-
Answer: There are four requirements for the production of goods and services. Together all these make up the factor of production.
The factor of production are:-
(1). Land- Land along with other natural resources such as forest, water, and minerals.
(2). Labour- People who will do work. It includes both skilled and unskilled labor.
(3). Physical Capital- Physical capital is the variety of inputs required at every stage during production.
There are two types of physical capital:-
(a). Fixed capital- Fixed capital includes tools, buildings, and machines such as generators, turbines, etc.
(b). Working capital-Working capital includes the Raw materials and the money in hand.
(4). Human capital- The knowledge and enterprise required by human beings. (also called knowledge and enterprise)
Q.One of the important non-farming activities besides farming in Palampur is.
Answer: Dairy farming.
Q.Some shopkeepers in Palampur buy various goods from wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the village. This process is called.
Answer: Trading (exchange of goods).
Q.Name two crops that grow in the rainy season.
Answer: Jowar and bajra
Q.Money in hand and raw materials are an example.
Answer: Working capital
Q.When were the high-yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds introduced to the Indian farmers?
Answer: In the late 1960s
Q.Who are the small farmers?
Answer: Small farmers are those farmers who have less than 2 hectares of land.
Q.How many people of Palampur village were engaged in non-farming activities?
Answer:25% of the people of Palampur village were engaged in non-farming activities.
Q.What is the full form of HYV?
Answer: High-Yielding Varieties.
Q.What is the most abundant factor of production?
Answer: Labour is the most abundant factor of production.
Q.From where do most of the small farmers borrow money to arrange for the capital in Palampur?
Answer: Village moneylenders and Traders
Q.What role do markets play in the expansion of non-farm activities?
Answer: Goods and services produced are sold in the markets.
Q.How is land distributed amongst the farmers of Palampur?
Answer: Land is important for any kind of farming. In Palampur, about 1/3 of the 450 families are landless. Dalits have no land for cultivation.240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size. In Palampur, 60 families of medium and large farmers cultivate more than 2 hectares of land. A few of the large farmers have land extending over 10 hectares or more
Q.What are the negative effects of the Green Revolution?
Answer: Negative effects of the Green Revolution are:-
(1). The green revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to the increased use of chemical fertilizers.
(2). Continuous use of groundwater has led to the depletion of the water table.
(3). Environmental resources like soil fertility and groundwater, are built up over years. Once destroyed, it is very difficult to restore them.
(4). The Green Revolution was limited only up to few states like Punjab and Haryana.
Q.Explain Green Revolution in detail.
Answer: The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to the cultivation of wheat and rice using High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides to increase the yield. As a result, the same piece of land would now produce far larger quantities of foodgrains than was possible earlier.HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water and also chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce the best results. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modem farming method in India. Some of them also bought machines like tractors and threshers, which made plowing and harvesting faster.
Q.How can you say that Palampur is a well-developed village?
Answer: The village Palampur has about 450 families belonging to several different castes. The 80 upper-caste families own the majority of land in the village. Their houses, some of them quite large, are made of brick with cement plastering. The SCs (Dalits) comprise one-third of the population and live in one corner of the village and in much smaller houses, some of which are of mud and straw. Most of the houses have electric connections. Electricity powers all the tubewells in the fields and is used in various types of small businesses. Palampur has two primary schools and one high school. There is a primary health center run by the government and one private dispensary.
Q.How is the required capital in farming arranged?
Answer: Small farmers borrow money to arrange capital from money lenders or traders. Medium or large farmers have their own savings from farming. They use that as the capital required.
Q.What is surplus?
Answer: The amount of grain left over when requirements have been met. It is the excess of production. Small farmers have a little surplus. It is the medium and large farmers who sell the surplus to the market to earn money.
Q.What are the various types of crops grown in village Palampur?
Answer: During the rainy season (Kharif,) farmers grow jawar and bajra. It is followed by the cultivation of potatoes between October and December. In the winter season (rabi), fields are sown with wheat. A part of the land area is also devoted to sugarcane which is harvested once every year. Sugarcane, in its raw form, or as jaggery, is sold to traders in Shahpur.
Q.What is Non-Farm activity. Describe non-farm activities in Palampur in brief.
Answer: Farming is the main productivity in Palampur. Farmer also performs some activities other than farming to earn a livelihood. These activities are known as Non-Farm activities.25% of the people working in Palampur are engaged in activities other than agriculture.
(1). Diary-the other common activity-Other than agriculture, some people are engaged in dairy and the milk is sold in Raiganj, the nearby village.
(2). Small scale manufacturing in Palanpur-People is engaged in small-scale manufacturing which is carried out at home or in the fields. This manufacturing involves very simple production methods.
(3). The shopkeeper of Palampur-The traders of Palampur buys various goods from wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the village. There are general stores in the village selling items like rice, wheat, sugar, tea, oil, biscuits, soap, toothpaste, batteries, candles, notebooks, pens, pencils, even some clothes. A few of the families whose houses are close to the bus stand have used a part of the space to open small shops. They sell eatables.
(4). Transport-Transport services include rickshaws, tonga, jeep, tractor, truck drivers, traditional bullock cart, and a bogey. They transport people and goods from place to place and in return get paid for it.
Q.How did Mishrilal managed to get a small profit in his business?
Answer: Mishrilal has purchased a mechanical sugarcane crushing machine that runs on electricity and has set it up in his field. Sugarcane crushing was earlier done with the help of bullocks, but these days people prefer to do it by machines. Mishrilal also buys sugarcane from other farmers, processes it into jaggery, and then sells it to traders at Shahpur. In the process, Mishrilal makes a small profit.
Q.What was the major disadvantage associated with HYV seeds? Explain.
Answer: The biggest disadvantage of HYV seeds is the requirement for plenty of water and chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce the best results. Higher yields are possible only from the combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
Q.What is the aim of production?
Answer: The aim of production is to produce the goods and services that we want.
Q.What is Yield?
Answer: Yield is measured as a crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season.
Q.Who are the small farmers?
Answer: Small farmers are those farmers who have less than 2 hectares of land.
Q.How many people of Palampur village were engaged in non-farming activities?
Answer:25% of the people of Palampur village were engaged in non-farming activities.
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